Nā ho'āʻo hāpai - ʻo ka mea e manaʻo ai - ka hāpai ʻana ma More4kids

ʻO ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā hoʻokolohua hāpai ʻana, ʻo ia ka loiloi i ka pilikia o kekahi mau hemahema hānau. Eia kekahi mau ho'āʻo i hana ʻia i nā pule he 12 mua...

na Jennifer Shakeel

Hoʻomaikaʻi i kou hāpai ʻana! ʻO nā mahina ʻeiwa e hiki mai ana he mea hauʻoli nui iā ʻoe. ʻIke wau ua lohe ʻoe i nā moʻolelo mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe āu i ʻike ai e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka ʻiʻini a me ka maʻi kakahiaka. ʻO ka mea i haʻi ʻole ʻia e kekahi iā ʻoe, ʻo ia nā hoʻokolohua āpau a ke kauka e makemake ai e hana iā ʻoe i kou wā hāpai. Ke lohe mua ʻoe iā lākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua, ʻo ka pane mua ʻana, "No ke aha wau e makemake ai e hana ia?" A laila pane lākou i kēlā nīnau a me kou noʻonoʻo inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike a me ka hopohopo. ʻO ka pahuhopu ʻaʻole e hopohopo a hoʻonāukiuki paha iā ʻoe. No ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēlā hopohopo, e hele wau i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau i hana ʻia a haʻi iā ʻoe i ka mea e manaʻo ai i mākaukau ʻoe i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai kāu kauka e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā lākou.

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e nānā ai i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hele i kēlā me kēia trimester, i ʻole ʻoe e ʻike wale i ke ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua akā ʻike ʻoe i ka wā e manaʻo ai. I kāu trimester mua, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo e hui pū ʻia me nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā ultrasounds fetal. ʻO ke kumu o ka hapa nui o ka nānā ʻana ʻo ia ka loiloi i ka pilikia o kekahi mau hemahema hānau. Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma hope o nā pule he 12 mua:

Ka ho'āʻo ultrasound no ka fetal nuchal translucency (NT) - Ke hoʻohana nei ka nānā ʻana i ka translucency Nuchal i kahi hoʻokolohua ultrasound e nānā i ka wahi ma hope o ka ʻāʻī fetal no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wai a mānoanoa paha.
ʻelua hoʻokolohua maternal serum (koko) - Ana nā hoʻokolohua koko i ʻelua mea i loaʻa i loko o ke koko o nā wahine hāpai a pau:
- ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka protein plasma pili i ka hāpai ʻana (PAPP-A) - he protein i hana ʻia e ka placenta i ka wā hāpai mua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pae ʻokoʻa me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka chromosome abnormality.
- ʻO ka gonadotropin chorionic kanaka (hCG) - he hormone i hana ʻia e ka placenta i ka wā hāpai mua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pae ʻokoʻa me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka chromosome abnormality.
  Ma muli o nā hopena o ia mau hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā hoʻokolohua, me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo genetic. Hiki iaʻu ke haʻi aku iā ʻoe inā paha e hoʻi mai nā hoʻāʻo maʻamau, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻouna iā ʻoe no ka nānā ʻana i ka genetic no nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me kou mau makahiki a i ʻole ka hoʻonaninani lāhui.
- I loko o ka lua o ka trimester ua nui nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me nā hoʻāʻo koko hou aku. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo koko he mau māka nui a hana ʻia lākou e ʻike inā loaʻa kahi pilikia no nā ʻano genetic a i ʻole nā hemahema hānau. Hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo koko ma waena o ka pule 15 a me 20 o ka hāpai ʻana, me ka manawa kūpono loa ʻo ka pule 16 -18. ʻO nā hōʻailona he nui nā:
- ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) – he hoʻāʻo koko e ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka alpha-fetoprotein i loko o ke koko o nā makuahine i ka wā hāpai. ʻO ka AFP he pūmua i hana mau ʻia e ke ake fetal a aia i loko o ka wai e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻōpū (ka wai amniotic), a hele i ka placenta i loko o ke koko o ka makuahine. Ua kapa ʻia ka hōʻike koko AFP ʻo MSAFP (maternal serum AFP).
- Hiki ke hōʻailona ʻia nā pae abnormal o AFP i kēia mau mea:
  - nā hemahema neural tube (ONTD) e like me ka spina bifida
  - Down syndrome
  - nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe o ka chromosomal
  - nā hemahema ma ka paia ʻōpū o ka pēpē
  - māhoe - ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pēpē e hana ana i ka protein
  - i kuhi hewa ʻia, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa nā pae i ka wā hāpai
  - hCG - ka hormone gonadotropin chorionic kanaka (he hormone i hana ʻia e ka placenta)
  - estriol - he hormone i hana ʻia e ka placenta
  - inhibin - he hormone i hana ʻia e ka placenta

E hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole ʻo nā hōʻike hōʻailona he nui nā mea hana diagnostic, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole 100% pololei. ʻO ke kumu o kēia mau hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo inā makemake ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe i kou wā hāpai. Ke hoʻohui ʻoe i ka trimester mua me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka trimester ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki i nā kauka ke ʻike i kekahi mea ʻino me ka pēpē.

Aia kekahi mau ho'āʻo ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia i kāu trimester ʻelua inā makemake ʻoe e hana. ʻO kekahi o ia ka amniocentesis. He ho'āʻo kēia kahi e hoʻāʻo ai lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi loa o ka wai amniotic e hoʻopuni ana i ka pēpē. Hana lākou i kēia ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi nila lahilahi lōʻihi ma kou ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻeke amniotic. Aia kekahi hōʻike CVS, ʻo ia ka chorionic villus sampling. ʻO kēia hoʻāʻo ʻana he koho a pili i ka lawe ʻana i kahi laʻana o kekahi o ka ʻiʻo placental.

He ho'āʻo i loaʻa i nā wāhine hāpai a pau, inā he a teenager, a i ʻole he wahine ʻelemakule, ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose tolerance, i hana ʻia ma ka wiki 24 - 28 o ka hāpai ʻana. Inā loaʻa ka nui o ka glucose i loko o ke koko hiki ke hōʻailona i ka maʻi diabetes gestational. E hele pū ʻoe i kahi moʻomeheu Group B Strep. He maʻi bacteria kēia i loaʻa ma ka ʻāpana o lalo a ma kahi o 25% o nā wahine a pau e lawe i kēia bacteria. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe pilikia i ka makuahine, hiki ke make i ka pēpē. 'O ia ho'i, inā ho'ā'o 'oe i ka maika'i, e ho'okomo 'ia 'oe i nā lā'au antibiotic mai ka manawa e ho'omaka ai ka hanau a ma hope o ka hānau 'ana.

ʻAʻole au i uhi i nā ultrasounds no ka mea ua ʻike nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā ultrasounds a he mea hoihoi a leʻaleʻa lākou!

Kawaihae
He mea kākau ʻo Jennifer Shakeel a he kahu hānai ma mua o 12 mau makahiki o ka ʻike olakino. Ma ke ʻano he makuahine o nā keiki maikaʻi ʻelua me hoʻokahi ma ke ala, eia wau e haʻi aku iā ʻoe i nā mea aʻu i aʻo ai e pili ana i ka makua a me nā hauʻoli a me nā loli i ka wā hāpai. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻakaʻaka a uē a hauʻoli i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau makuahine mākou!