Ukuhlolwa Kokukhulelwa - Yini Ongayilindela

Inhloso yokuhlolwa okuningi kokukhulelwa ukuhlola ubungozi bokukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa. Nazi izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezenziwa emasontweni ayi-12 okuqala...

nguJennifer Shakeel

Siyakuhalalisela ukhulelwe! Izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ezizayo zizojabulisa ngendlela emangalisayo kuwe. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi uzizwile izindaba kwabanye abantu obaziyo mayelana nokukhuluphala, izifiso kanye nesifo sasekuseni. Okungekho muntu oke akutshele ngakho konke ukuhlolwa udokotela azofuna ukukwenza kuwe ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Uma uqala ukubezwa bekhuluma ngezivivinyo ukusabela kokuqala kuthi, “Kungani ngifuna ukuba lokho kwenziwe?” Bese bephendula lowo mbuzo nengqondo yakho uma ugcwele ulwazi nokukhathazeka. Umgomo awukona ukukukhathaza noma ukukucasula. Ukusiza ukuqeda lokho kukhathazeka ngizodlula ukuhlolwa okuvamile okwenziwa futhi ngikutshele ukuthi yini ongayilindela ukuze uzilungiselele lapho udokotela wakho eqala ukukhuluma ngakho.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubheka ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene iwukuba udlule ku-trimester ngayinye, ukuze ungazi nje ukuthi ziyini izivivinyo kodwa wazi ukuthi uzilindele nini. Ku-trimester yakho yokuqala ukuhlolwa kuzoba inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-fetus ultrasounds. Inhloso yokuhlolwa okuningi ukuhlola ubungozi bokukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa. Ukuhlola okulandelayo kwenziwa phakathi namasonto okuqala ayi-12:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound ye-fetus nuchal translucency (NT) - Ukuhlolwa kokuguquguquka kwe-Nuchal kusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukuhlola indawo engemuva kwentamo ye-fetus ukuze uthole uketshezi olwengeziwe noma ukuqina.
ukuhlolwa kwe-serum (yegazi) okubili kamama - Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukala izinto ezimbili ezitholakala egazini labo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-plasma protein ehlobene nokukhulelwa (PAPP-A) - iphrotheni ekhiqizwa i-placenta ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Amazinga angavamile ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosome.
- I-chorionic gonadotropin yomuntu (hCG) - ihomoni ekhiqizwa i-placenta ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Amazinga angavamile ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosome.
  Kuye ngemiphumela yalezo zivivinyo kungenziwa okunye ukuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa nokwelulekwa ngofuzo. Ngingakutshela ukuthi noma ngabe ukuhlolwa kubuya ngokwejwayelekile udokotela wakho angakuthumela ukuthi uyohlolelwa ulibofuzo ngezinye izizathu ezifana neminyaka yakho noma ukwakheka kohlanga.
- Ku-trimester yesibili kuba nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe okwenziwe okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kubizwa nge-multiple marker futhi kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi abukho yini ubungozi banoma yiziphi izimo zofuzo noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kweviki le-15 nelama-20 lokukhulelwa, isikhathi esihle kakhulu kuyisonto le-16 -18. Omaka abaningi bahlanganisa:
- I-Alpha-fetoprotein screening (AFP) – ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa izinga le-alpha-fetoprotein egazini lomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-AFP iyiphrotheni evame ukukhiqizwa isibindi sengane futhi ikhona oketshezini oluzungeze umbungu (amniotic fluid), bese iwela i-placenta iye egazini likamama. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AFP kuphinde kubizwe nge-MSAFP (i-serum yomama AFP).
- Amazinga angavamile we-AFP angabonisa okulandelayo:
  - ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube defects (ONTD) njenge-spina bifida
  - I-Down syndrome
  - ezinye izinkinga ze-chromosomal
  - amaphutha odongeni lwesisu se-fetus
  - amawele – umbungu ongaphezu kowodwa wenza amaprotheni
  - usuku olunqunyiwe olungabalwanga kahle, njengoba amazinga ehluka phakathi nokukhulelwa
  - I-hCG - ihomoni ye-chorionic gonadotropin yomuntu (ihomoni ekhiqizwa yi-placenta)
  - i-estriol - i-hormone ekhiqizwa yi-placenta
  - i-inhibin - i-hormone ekhiqizwa yi-placenta

Qonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa komaka okuningi akuwona amathuluzi okuxilonga, okusho ukuthi akunembile ngo-100%. Inhloso yalezi zivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi ngabe udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho. Uma uhlanganisa i-trimester yokuqala nokuhlolwa kwe-trimester yesibili kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi odokotela bakwazi ukubona noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle enganeni.

Kukhona ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwa ku-trimester yesibili uma ufuna ukuthi zenziwe. Enye yazo i-amniocentesis. Lokhu ukuhlola lapho besampula khona inani elincane kakhulu le-amniotic fluid elizungeze umbungu. Lokhu bakwenza ngokufaka inaliti ende ezacile ngesisu sakho esakeni le-amniotic. Kukhona nokuhlolwa kwe-CVS, okuyisampula ye-chorionic villus. Lokhu kuhlola nakho kungokuzithandela futhi kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yezicubu ezithile ze-placenta.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyi-a teenager, noma owesifazane osekhulile, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose, okwenziwa phakathi nesonto lama-24 - 28 lokukhulelwa. Uma kunesilinganiso se-glucose esingavamile egazini kungabonisa isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Uzophinde wenze isiko le-Group B Strep. Leli gciwane elitholakala esithweni sangasese esingezansi futhi cishe u-25% wabo bonke abesifazane abanaleli gciwane. Nakuba kungenankinga kumama, kungaba yingozi enganeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uthola ukuthi une-HIV uzonikezwa ama-antibiotics kusukela ngesikhathi isiqala sokubeletha kuze kube ngemva kokubeletha.

Angizange ngiwafake ama-ultrasounds ngoba wonke umuntu uyazi ngama-ultrasounds futhi ayajabulisa futhi ayajabulisa!

Biography
UJennifer Shakeel ungumbhali futhi owayengumhlengikazi onolwazi lwezokwelapha olungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12. Njengomama wezingane ezimbili ezimangalisayo onenye esendleleni, ngilapha ukuze ngihlanganyele nani engikufundile ngokuba umzali kanye nenjabulo nezinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokubambisana singahleka futhi sikhale futhi sijabule ngokuthi singomama!