Ukungcola okusemoyeni kuyinto abantu abaningi abakhathazeka ngayo, futhi kwezinye izindawo zezwe lokhu kwaziswa kubikwa ezindabeni zakusihlwa. Kuvele ukuthi lokhu kwesaba akunasisekelo. Kunobufakazi obandayo obuvela ezifundweni ezenziwa ezweni lonke bokuthi ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwengozi yezinkinga, imiphumela engemihle ekuzalweni kanye nezinkinga phakathi nosana kanye nasebuntwaneni.
Ucwaningo oluningana lubheke ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya kanye ne-nitrous oxide emshinini wemoto kanye nomthelela walokhu kuchayeka kumbungu okhulayo. Iningi labesifazane abakhulelwe libhekana nezinga elithile lentuthu ephuma ezimotweni, kodwa izinga liyahlukahluka ezweni lonke.
Ucwaningo olusha olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health lusikisela ukuthi ukukhula kombungu kungase kwehliswe ngokuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya, okuholela ekuzalweni okuphansi kanye nomjikelezo wekhanda elincane. Ucwaningo lwaqoqa idatha yabesifazane abakhulelwe abangaphezu kuka-400,000 esifundazweni saseNew Jersey kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2003.
Idatha ngamazinga okungcoliswa komoya yaqoqwa ezindaweni zokuqapha ze-EPA eziseduze nemizi yabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lolu lwazi lwasetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lokuchayeka kokungcoliswa komoya phakathi nokukhulelwa. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, amazinga okungcoliswa okumaphakathi abelwa kubahlanganyeli bocwaningo.
Imiphumela yabonisa ingozi eyengeziwe yokuzalwa kwengane enesisindo esiphansi esinamazinga aphezulu e-nitrogen dioxide kanye ne-particle matter. Ucwaningo lubonise ubungozi obuphezulu phakathi kwabesifazane abahola kancane, okungenzeka ukuthi bahlala ezindaweni eziminyene nokuminyana kwezimoto kanye nokungcoliswa komoya okuhlobene. Abacwaningi bathola ukuhlobana okuphezulu phakathi kokungcoliswa komoya kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa lapho ukwanda kokuchayeka ekungcoleni kwenzeka ekukhulelweni kokuqala nasekupheleni kwesikhathi.
Ucwaningo oluhlukile lubonise imiphumela emibi ku-IQ ezinganeni ezinokuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya esibelethweni. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe yi-Columbia Centre for Children's Environmental Health e-Columbia University futhi lwanyatheliswa kumagazini we-Pediatrics.
Ucwaningo lugxile kwabesifazane baseHarlem naseBronx. Lezi zindawo ziqokwe ngenxa yokuthi kwaziwa ukuthi zinokungcola okukhulu ngenxa yezimoto. Njengasocwaningweni lwangaphambilini, abesifazane abahlala ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokungcola batholakala besengozini enkulu. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni zangaphakathi zedolobha lamadolobha amakhulu ezweni lonke, kuhlanganise neDolobha laseNew York.
Kulolu cwaningo, abesifazane babephethe ama-air monitor aphathwayo kulo lonke ucwaningo, aqoqa idatha ngezinga eliqondile lokungcolisa komoya endaweni kamama. Le ndlela ivumele abacwaningi idatha enembe kakhudlwana mayelana namazinga okuchayeka kokungcoliswa komoya phakathi nokukhulelwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulinganisa izinga langempela.
Abacwaningi base-Columbia baqoqe idatha ngezinga lokungcoliswa komoya phakathi nokukhulelwa komhlanganyeli ngamunye wocwaningo. Lapho izingane zineminyaka emihlanu ubudala, zanikezwa ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ. Izingane ezinamazinga aphezulu okuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha kokungcoliswa komoya zazine-IQ emaphakathi eyayingaphansi ngamaphuzu amane noma amahlanu kunezingane ezichayeke emazingeni aphansi okungcola.
Ucwaningo lweNyuvesi yaseCalifornia olwanyatheliswa ku-Environmental Health Perspectives luhlolisise umphumela wokunukubezeka komoya enganeni. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa ezinganeni ezizalwe phakathi kuka-1997 no-2006. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abesifazane abachayeka emazingeni aphezulu okungcola komoya ngesikhathi bekhulelwe maningi amathuba okuthi bazalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, laba besifazane batholakala besengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pre-eclampsia, inkinga engaba yingozi kakhulu yokukhulelwa komama nengane.
Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise amasayithi okuqoqwa kwedatha ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nokungcoliswa komoya, okufana nocwaningo lwaseNew Jersey, kodwa lwakha izikhungo zokuqoqa idatha phakathi kwamamayela amabili ukusuka emakhaya ababambiqhaza bocwaningo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqoqa idatha enembe kakhulu mayelana nokuchayeka ngaphandle kokudala izilinganiso, ezingathembeki kancane.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lokuhlobana phakathi kokungcoliswa komoya kanye nempilo yezingane nezingane zithole ubudlelwano phakathi kwesifuba somoya kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya. Ngenxa yalezi zifundo, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuchayeka ekungcolisweni komoya phakathi nezikhathi ezibucayi zokukhula kombungu kanye naso sonke isikhathi sosana kwandisa ingozi yokuba ingane ihlaselwe yisifuba somoya ebuntwaneni.
Nakuba kuye kwaba nezifundo eziningana, kunemibuzo engaphenduliwe kanye nemibono eyahluka ngokuthi ukungcoliswa komoya kuyithinta kanjani ingane. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya kunganciphisa umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezifika embungwini. Amazinga e-oxygen ancishisiwe aye axhunyaniswa nezinkinga ezifana nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, i-IQ ephansi kanye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuchayeka ekungcoleni kungase kuguqule ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana embungwini ngandlela thize. Olunye ucwaningo kufanele luphendule le mibuzo futhi luveze ukukhanya okwengeziwe ngomphumela wokunukubezeka komoya kumntwana.
Engeza amazwana